Navigating between Turkification, Russification and somewhat Iranianization: Examining Muslims’ Life in Armenia

Abstract

This paper aims to investigate the lives of Muslims residing in Armenia, a nation historically positioned at the crossroads of Turkification and Russification. With roots in the Ottoman Empire and the Soviet Union’s sphere of influence, Armenia has experienced complex social transformations that have profoundly impacted its Muslim minority population. Drawing upon the theoretical framework of Anthony Smith (1991) on ethnic identity and nation-building, this study investigates how the interplay of historical legacies, state policies, and the quest for religious and cultural preservation has shaped the identity and experiences of Armenian Muslims. Through in-depth ethnographic research and oral histories, this paper unveils the multifaceted strategies employed by the Muslim community to negotiate their place within Armenia's broader socio-political landscape.

In the context of Michel Foucault's concept of “governmentality” (1977) and Edward Said's discussions on orientalism (1978), this research probes the intricacies of state control and the narratives constructed around Armenia’s Muslim inhabitants. By analyzing state-driven initiatives, educational curricula, and public discourse, this study elucidates the mechanisms through which the Armenian state has sought to influence the identity and agency of its Muslim citizens. Simultaneously, it explores the strategies of resistance, adaptation, and cultural preservation deployed by Armenian Muslims as they navigate between the pressures of Turkification, Russification and their own distinct heritage. This research invites readers to delve into the complex world of Armenian Muslims, offering a nuanced perspective on identity, state power, and the resilience of cultural diversity in the face of historical and contemporary challenges.