Institutional Support and Government Policies: A Comparative Study of Jewish Life in Azerbaijan and Iran

Abstract

This research paper presents a comprehensive comparative study of Jewish life in Azerbaijan and Iran, with a focus on the institutional support and government policies governing Jewish communities in both countries. Drawing upon the constitutional provisions of Azerbaijan and Iran and utilizing relevant theoretical frameworks, the paper aims to provide a nuanced understanding of the socio-political context in which Jewish communities operate. The analysis begins by examining the constitutional provisions related to religious freedom and minority rights in Azerbaijan and Iran, drawing from the respective constitutions of the countries. In Azerbaijan, the Constitution of 1995, as amended, guarantees freedom of religion and bans discrimination based on religious beliefs. Conversely, the Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Iran emphasizes the role of Islam as the state religion, yet grants some protection to recognized religious minorities, including the Jewish community.

In exploring the government policies that impact Jewish life, the paper employs the theories of multiculturalism and social identity. Kymlicka’s theory of multiculturalism provides insights into how states can accommodate the rights and identities of minority groups within their diverse societies, while Tajfel and Turner’s social identity theory sheds light on the dynamics of intergroup relations between the Jewish communities and the majority population in Azerbaijan and Iran. Utilizing a mixed-methods approach, the research examines the institutional support provided to Jewish communities in areas such as education, religious practices, cultural preservation and socio-economic opportunities. By comparing the policies and practices in Azerbaijan and Iran, the study aims to identify best practices and potential areas for improvement to ensure the well-being and integration of Jewish communities. Moreover, the findings of this study contribute to a broader understanding of religious freedom and minority rights in Azerbaijan and Iran. By examining the constitutional provisions and government policies and applying relevant theories, the research provides valuable insights for policymakers and scholars alike, aiming to foster more inclusive and harmonious societies that respect and celebrate cultural and religious diversity.